The Specifics of Religious Issues in Ukrainian Gender Electronic Mass Media
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2022.2.515.530Keywords:
gender, feminism, Ukrainian electronic mass media, communication, religionAbstract
Aim. The purpose of this study was to analyze religious issues in gender and feminist electronic mass media in Ukraine, taking into account the specifics of their policy, audience, and communication strategy
Methodology. The empirical methods were gathered by a grouping of sites and electronic media: the official sites, the convergent scanned print media, and the social network Facebook. Overall, the 21 electronic mass media were analyzed. The main method of this research is a discourse analysis of religious topics. The main identified topics are representation of religions, political issues, gender history of religion, female priesthood, dogma of religion, pedagogical and scientific topics, critique of religion/church, anti-gender and religion, LGBT issues, sexuality, body, and religion. Only a small amount of material and topics are dedicated to religion, which is marginalized in the Ukrainian media.
Conclusions. Our main conclusion is that the more analytical analysis in the material, the more tolerant the authors are to religion, but not to religious organizations. The sensitive topics of sexual orientation, sexual violence, pedophilia, and abortion rights related to church activities, are raised in the feminist/gender mass media.
Originality. The coverage of religious issues depends on the type of media that presents a particular gender discourse: the more radical Ukrainian media in their visions, the less critical and stereotypical the representation of religion. Most Ukrainian gender media reflect general trends in the representation of religion.
Downloads
References
Althusser, L. (2008). On ideology (2nd ed.). Verso.
Antibereginya [Anti-guardian]. (n. d.). [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved 28 May, 2022, from https://www.facebook.com/groups/antyberehynia/about/
Basauri Zyuzina, A. (2014). Zhinky v rabinati: amerykanskiy dosvid [Women in rabbinate: the American experience]. Shid, 3, 74-77.
Basauri Zyuzina, A. (2017). Hender v relihiieznavstvi: zakhidnyi dosvid ta ukrainski realii [Gender in religious studies: Western experience and Ukrainian realities]. Ya, 2(43), 2-5.
Bukovynsky, A. (2018). Osnovy simi: prohrama dlia zakladiv zahalnoi serednoi osvity. 10-11 klasy [Basics of the family: a program for general secondary education. Grades 10-11]. Retrieved 28 May, 2022, from http://osvita-stn.ucoz.ua/Titul/osnovi_simji_145kh205.pdf?fbclid=IwAR18SkexpY5S-CfuKhUry-WUu24A2ErcXr3wwNLMefrZY-Nd9FGO-qPbyqs
Burkyny, nykaby, abaiy: chto y kak nosiat musulmanskye zhenshchyny [Burkinis, niqabs, abayas: what and how Muslim women wear]. (2016, August 27). Update. https://update.com.ua/zhizn_tag/burkini-nikaby-abaii-chto-i-kak-nosiat-musulmanskie-zhenshchiny_n2956
Chopp, R., & Davaney, S. (1997). Horizons in feminist theology: Identity, tradition, and norms. Fortress Press.
Christ, C. P. (1998). Rebirth of the Goddess: Finding meaning in feminist spirituality. Routledge.
Daly, M. (1975). The Church and the second sex. Harper & Row.
Dudko, E. (2016, January 7). Rukh za hendernu rivnist u khrystyianstvi [Movement for gender equality in Christianity]. Spilne. https://commons.com.ua/uk/ruh-za-gendernu-rivnist-u-hristiyanstvi/
Feminizm v detaliakh [Feminism in detail]. (n. d.). [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved March 15, 2022, from https://www.facebook.com/groups/2452657025008527
Feminizm UA. (n. d.). [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved March 15, 2022, from https://www.facebook.com/groups/feminism.ua/
Gays UA. Novosti LGBT iz Ukraini i vsego mira [Gays UA. LGBT news from Ukraine and around the world]. (n. d.). [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved March 25, 2021, from https://gays-ua.com
Hachko, O. (2012). Bibliia yak literatura v kulturi: perspektyvy rozvytku hendernykh doslidzhen [The Bible as literature in culture: prospects for the development of gender studies]. In I. Pasichnyk, P. Kraliuk, V. Zhukovskyi, M. Zaitsev, M. Petrushkevych, Z. Yankovska, D. Shevchuk, & N. Konopka. (Eds), Henderna problematyka ta antropolohichni horyzonty: materialy II Vseukrainskoi naukovo-praktychnoi konferentsii 16-17 bereznia 2012 roku [Gender issues and anthropological horizons: materials of the 2nd All-Ukrainian Scientific and Practical Conference on March 16-17, 2012] (pp. 177-186). NaUOA Publishing.
Hampson, D. (2002) After Christianity. SCM Press.
Hender v detaliakh [Gender in detail]. (n. d.). [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved January 18, 2022, from https://genderindetail.org.ua
Hovorko-Skladanek, B. (2015). Otnoshenie katolicheskogo kostela k „gendernoi ideologii” [The attitude of the Catholic Church to „gender ideology”]. In T. Doronina (Ed.), Henderna paradyhma osvitnoho prostoru [Gender paradigm of educational space] (pp. 41-46). KNU Publishing.
Jenkins, H. (2006). Convergence culture: Where old and new media collide. NYU Press.
Khrystyianskyi feminizm v Ukraini [Christian feminism in Ukraine] (n. d.). Facebook. Retrieved March 15, 2022, from https://www.facebook.com/groups/1124884147573401/
Kis, O. (2017). Vysmykuvaty odne i absoliutyzuiuchy tse, nazyvaty tilky ote odne tradytsiieiu – tse i ye vidkryta manipuliatsiia, falshuvannia i pidmina poniat [To pull out one thing and absolutize it, to call only one thing a tradition – this is open manipulation, falsification and substitution of concepts]. Ya, 2(43), 10-13.
Kostenko, N., Ivanov, V. & Sovenko, O. (2013). Reprezentatsiia hendernykh identychnostei v ukrainskykh rehionalnykh ZMI. Zvit za rezultatamy kontent-analizu drukovanykh ta elektronnykh ZMI pidhotovlenyi Akademiieiu Ukrainskoi Presy dlia Prohramy U-Media Interniuz Netvork [Representation of gender identities in Ukrainian regional media. Report on the results of content analysis of print and electronic media prepared by the Academy of Ukrainian Press for the U-Media Internews Network Program]. https://www.aup.com.ua/uploads/Zvit_genderni_identuchnosti.pdf
Kostyanchuk, M. (2014). Khlib ta apelsyny na paskhalnii keari. Lesbiiski prochytannia yudeiskoi tradytsii [Bread and oranges on Easter chiara. Lesbian readings of the Jewish tradition]. Spilne, 8, 80-87.
Krasko, O. (2017). Zhenshchyny v yudayzme: hendernye roly, sotsyalnye ozhydanyia y istorycheskom kontekste [Women in Judaism: gender roles, social expectations and historical context]. Ya, 2(43), 29-32. http://krona.org.ua/assets/files/journal/gendernyi-zhurnal-ya-43-2017.pdf
Lemesh, V. (2013). Suchasni perspektyvy doslidzhennia henderu u prostori mas-media [Modern perspectives of gender research in the mass media space]. Visnyk Donetskoho natsionalnoho universytetu. Seriia humanitarna nauky, 1-2(1), 174-180.
Liha zakhystu prav zhinok „Harmoniia rivnykh” [The women’s rights league „Harmony of Equals”]. (n. d.). [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved March 2, 2022, from https://www.facebook.com/HARMONY.OF.EQUALS
Malynovska, N. (2017). Hendernyi balans v zabezpechenni vyborchoho prava v musulmanskykh krainakh [Gender balance in ensuring suffrage in Muslim countries]. Ya, 2(43). https://eprints.oa.edu.ua/6796/1/Malynovska-Gendernyi-balans.pdf
Mayerchyk, M. (Ed.). (2017). Hender dlia medii. Pidruchnyk iz hendernoi teorii dlia zhurnalistyky ta inshykh sotsiohumanitarnykh spetsialnostei [Gender for the media. A textbook on gender theory for journalism and other socio-humanitarian specialties]. Krytyka.
Messina-Dysert, G., & Ruether, R. (2014). Feminism and religion in the 21st century: Technology, dialogue, and expanding borders. Routledge.
Na oblozhke glyantsa poyavilas zhenschina-ravvin [A female rabbi appeared on the cover of the gloss]. (2020, February 3). WoMo. https://womo.ua/na-oblozhke-glyantsa-poyavilas-zhenshhina-ravvin
Nuntiare et Recreare. (2021). https://www.nuntiare.org/
Obiednannia „Kvir-Kredo” [NGO Association „Queer-Credo”]. (n. d.). [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved from March 6, 2022, from https://www.facebook.com/ОО-Объединение-Квир-Кредо-652443498155898/?ref=page_internal
Otets Heorhyi: „Esly my dumaem, chto nashy multyky byly khoroshymy, a seichas plokhye, to, navernoe, my sostarylys, no ne pomudrely” [Father George: „If we think that our cartoons were good, and now they are bad, then we must have grown old, but not wiser”] (2020, February 4). WoMo. //womo.ua/otets-georgiy-esli-myi-dumaem-chto-nashi-multiki-byili-horoshimi-a-seychas-plohie-to-navernoe-myi-sostarilis-no-ne-pomudreli
Pagels, E., & King, K. L. (2007). Reading Judas: The Gospel of Judas and the shaping of Christianity. Viking Press.
Pecheransky I., & Zinkina, D. (2019). Konverhentna zhurnalistyka u suchasnomu mediinomu dyskursi [Convergent journalism in modern media discourse]. Visnyk Kyivskoho natsionalnoho universytetu kultury i mystetstv. Seriia: Audiovizualne mystetstvo i vyrobnytstvo, 2(2), 128-136.
Petrushkevych, M. (2013). Henderne pytannia u relihiino spriamovanykh ZMK v Ukraini [Gender question in religiously oriented mass media in Ukraine]. Ukrainoznavchyi almanakh, 11, 152-155.
Petrushkevych, M. (2018). Relihiina komunikatsiia u konteksti masovoi kultury [Religious communication in the context of mass culture]. Vydavnytstvo Natsionalnoho universytetu „Ostrozka akademiia”.
Petrushkevych, M. (2021). Feministychni elektronni mas-media v ukrainskomu sehmenti Internetu: tematychna riznomanitnist hendernoi problematyky [Feminist electronic mass media in the Ukrainian segment of the Internet: thematic diversity of gender issues]. In M. Petrushkevych (Ed.), Humanitarne pole hendernykh doslidzhen: kolektyvna monohrafiia [Humanitarian field of gender research: a collective monograph] (pp. 25-53). Vydavnytstvo Natsionalnoho universytetu „Ostrozka akademiia”.
Plaskow, J., & Christ, C. P. (2016). Goddess and God in the World: Conversations in embodied theology. Fortress Press.
Poda, O. (2009). Problema hendernykh rolei i stereotypiv u presi na mezhi XX-XXI st. [The problem of gender roles and stereotypes in the press at the turn of the 20-21th centuries]. Derzhava ta rehiony.
http://eir.zntu.edu.ua/bitstream/123456789/977/1/Poda_The_problem_of_gender_roles.pdf
Poda, О. (2016). Istoriia, teoriia, metodolohiia y praktyka sotsialnykh komunikatsii u dyskursi universytetskoi osvity [History, theory, methodology, and practice of social communications in the discourse of university education]. PE „Lira LTD”.
Schussler Fiorenza, E. (2013). Changing horizons: Explorations in feminist interpretation. Fortress Press.
Seksyzm i mizohiniia [Sexism and misogyny]. (n. d.). [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved March 5, 2022 from https://www.facebook.com/groups/Sexismmisogyny/
Seksualnaia ydentyfykatsyia Boha [Sexual identification of God]. (2020, February 5). Divoche Media. http://thedevochki.com/2017/11/30/vestnik-ada-i-seksizma-vol-22-seksualnoe-nasilie-deshevle-chem-pulya/
Shturkhetsky, S. (2014). Henderni mediini praktyky: Navchalnyi posibnyk iz hendernoi rivnosti ta nedyskryminatsii dlia studentiv vyshchykh navchalnykh zakladiv [Gender media practices: a handbook on gender equality and non-discrimination for higher education students]. OBSE. https://www.osce.org/files/f/documents/c/3/284966.pdf
Sovenko, O. (2018, May 10). Hendernyi dyskurs u suchasnykh media (na materialakh monitorynhu rehionalnoi presy 2017-2018) [Gender discourse in modern media (on the materials of the regional press monitoring 2017-2018)]. Hender v detaliakh. Retrieved March 15, 2022, from https://genderindetail.org.ua/library/ukraina/genderniy-diskurs-u-suchasnih-media-na-materialah-monitoringu-regionalnoi-presi-2017-2018-134487.html
Sukovata, V. (2004). Osnovy teorii genderu: Navchalnyi posibnyk [Foundations of gender theory: a textbook]. K.I.S.
Sukovataya, V. (2002). Femynystskaia teolohyia y hendernye yssledovanyia v relyhyy: perspektyvy novoi dukhovnysty [Feminist theology and gender studies in religion: perspectives of new spirituality]. Obshchestvennye nauky y sovremennost, 4, 183-192.
Tovaryshka [Comrade]. (n. d.). [Facebook page]. Facebook. Retrieved March 2, 2022, from https://www.facebook.com/tovaryshka/
Tartakovskaya, I. (2008). Prava zhenshchyn v dyskurse islamskoho feminizma [Women’s rights in the discourse of Islamic feminism]. Hendernye issledovanyia, 18, 167-176. http://kcgs.net.ua/gurnal/18/08.pdf
V Danyy zapretyly nosyt burky y nykaby [Denmark bans burkas and niqabs]. (n. d.) Krona. http://www.krona.org.ua/danija-zapret-burka-nikab.html
U Turechchyni zhinky vyishly na marsh za svobodu vyboru v nosinni odiahu [In Turkey, women marched for freedom of choice in wearing clothes]. (2017). Ya, 2(43), 16-17. Retrieved March 15, 2022, from http://www.krona.org.ua/marsh-za-svobody-vibory-v-nosinni-odjagy.html
Yarmanova, H. (Ed.). (2021). Hender, relihiia i natsionalizm v Ukraini [Gender, religion, and nationalism in Ukraine]. VTS Prynt.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Maksym Karpovets, Maria Petrushkevych, Olena Shershnova
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
CC-BY
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. All authors agree for publishing their email adresses, affiliations and short bio statements with their articles during the submission process.
