Predictive Model of Risk Behaviour in the University Student Community
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2024.2.97.113Keywords:
university students, risk pathways, social capital, cultural capital, resilienceAbstract
Aim. The study aimed to attempt to explain the probable causality of undertaken risk behaviours in a group of university students, from the perspective of various predictors (which included low individual and social resources, as well as other risk behaviours). The choice of predictors was dictated, among other things, by the assumptions of risk behaviour theory and gateway theory.
Methods. The research was conducted among university students from many cities in Poland. Empirical data were collected using the survey method. The tool was a survey questionnaire, constructed from the author's scale and the Resilience Scale by Gail Wagnild in the Polish adaptation by Janusz Surzykiewicz and Karol Konaszewski (2019). The data were statistically analysed. The target procedure became path analysis.
Results. The study revealed several plausible predictive factors for specific risk behaviours of students. Analyses included behavioural categories such as the use of psychoactive substances and behaviour associated with them, risky sexual contact, low physical and psychosocial health care, dangerous behaviour in daily life, and disclosure of images and private data on the Internet. Each form of risky behaviour was situated in the model. The predictive factors in the path structure were identified as, among others, low social and cultural resources and low levels of resilience. It also appeared that some risk behaviours may be predictors for others.
Conclusion. The study reveals that not only syndromes of risk behaviours, but even entire risk pathways creating the possibility to infer probable causality, are noticeable in the group of university students.
Downloads
References
Alkhalidy, H., Orabi, A., Alzboun, T., Alnaser, K., Al-Shami, I., & Al-Bayyari, N. (2021). Health-risk Behaviors and Dietary Patterns Among Jordanian College Students: A Pilot Study. Frontiers in Nutrition, 8. Retrieved from https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2021.632035/full.
Assoumou, B., Pharr, J. & Coughenour, C. (2023). Food insecurity and risky sexual behaviors among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health, 23, 1552. DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16330-2.
Badillo-Viloria, M., Mendoza-Sánchez, X., Barreto Vásquez, M., & Díaz-Pérez, A. (2020). Comportamientos sexuales riesgosos y factores asociados entre estudiantes universitarios en Barranquilla, Colombia, 2019 [Risky sexual behaviors and associated factors among university students in Barranquilla, Colombia, 2019]. Enfermería Global, 19(3), 422–449. DOI: 10.6018/eglobal.412161.
Becelewska, D. (2006). Repetytorium z rozwoju człowieka [Human development revision course]. Karkonoska Państwowa Szkoła Wyższa w Jeleniej Górze.
Behera, R. K., Nanda, A., Rath, S., Pradhan, S., & Dalai, M. (2023, May). Internet Addiction and Academic Performance of University Students. International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR), 7(5), 118–128.
Berezińska, M. (2019). Seksting w doświadczeniach studentów kierunku bezpieczeństwo narodowe [Sexting in Experiences of National Security Students]. Chowanna, 2(53), 87–110. DOI: 10.31261/CHOWANNA.2019.53.07.
Blows, S., Isaacs, S. (2022). Prevalence and Factors Associated with Substance Use Among University Students in South Africa: Implications for Prevention. BMC Psychol, 10, 309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-022-00987-2.
Błasiak, A. (2019). Kultura pedagogiczna rodziców jako wewnątrzrodzinny determinant jakości procesu wychowania najmłodszego pokolenia [Parents’ Pedagogical Culture as an Intrafamily Determinant of the Quality of Upbringing of the Youngest Generation]. Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana, 22(2), 83–101.
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The Forms of Capital. In: J. G. Richardson (Es.), Handbook of Theory and Research for Sociology of Education (pp. 24 –258). Greenwood Press.
Bourdieu, P. (1991). Language and Symbolic Power. Harvard University Press.
Bourdieu, P. (2004). The Forms of Capital. In: S. Ball (Ed.), The Routledge Falmer Reader in Sociology of Education (pp. 15–29). RoutledgeFalmer.
Bourdieu, P. (2005). Dystynkcja: Społeczna krytyka władzy sądzenia [Distinction: A Social Critique of the Judgement of Taste]. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar.
Bourdieu, P., Passeron, J. C. (2011). Reprodukcja: Elementy teorii systemu nauczania [Reproduction in Education, Society and Culture]. PWN.
Carroll, A. (1998). Reputation Enhancement and Adolescent Drug Use: Guidance Information Bulletin. Education Queensland.
Coleman, J, S. (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital. American Journal of Sociology, 94 (Supplement: Organizations and Institutions: Sociological and Economic Approaches to the Analysis of Social Structure), 95–120.
Côté, J. (2006). Emerging Adulthood as an Institutionalized Moratorium: Risk and Benefits To Identity Formation. In: J. J. Arnett, J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging Adults in America: Coming of Age in the 21st Century (pp. 85–116). American Psychological Association.
Fryt, J., Szczygiel, M. (2021, February 26). Predictors of Positive and Negative Risk-Taking in Adolescents and Young Adults: Similarities and Differences. Europe’s Journal of Psychology, 17(1), 17–30. doi: 10.5964/ejop.2169.
Goyal, M., Verma, A. (2022). Prevalence of Road Risk Behaviors and Associated Factors Among Undergraduate College Students in Delhi: Findings from the Health Risk Behavior Survey. Cureus 14(8), e28123. DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28123.
Herrero-Montes, M., Alonso-Blanco, C., Paz-Zulueta, M., Pellico-López, A., Ruiz-Azcona, L., Sarabia-Cobo, C., Boixadera-Planas, E., & Parás-Bravo, P. (2022). Excessive alcohol consumption and binge drinking in college students. PeerJ, 10. DOI: 13368 http://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.13368.
Jessor, R., Jessor, S. L. (1977). Problem behavior and psychosocial development: A longitudinal study of youth. Academic.
Khantzian E. J. (1980). An ego/self theory of substance dependence: A contemporary psychoanalytic perspective. NIDA research monograph, 30, 29–33.
Khantzian, E. J. (1999). Treating Addiction as a Human Process. Aronson.
Kandel, D. B., Yamaguchi, K., & Chen, K. (1992). Stages of progression in drug involvement from adolescence to adulthood: further evidence for the gateway theory. Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 53(5), 447–457
López-Moreno, M., Garcés-Rimón, M., Miguel, M., & Iglesias-López, M. T. (2021). Influence of eating habits and alcohol consumption on the academic performance among a university population in the community of Madrid: A pilot study. Heliyon, 7(6), e07186. DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07186.
Manu, A., Anaba, E. A., & Ahiataku, D. E. (2023, 14 March). Sending love or risking trouble: Exploring sexting behaviors among university students [preprint]. DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2623504/v1.
Michalczyk, T. (2004). Nierówności społeczne a kryzys społeczno-moralny [Social Inequalities versus Social and Moral Crisis]. Nierówności Społeczne a Wzrost Gospodarczy, 4, 9–26.
Mikiewicz, P. (2014). Kapitał społeczny i edukacja [Social capital and education]. Wydawnictwo PWN.
Mukonyo, M. E., Mugo, J., & Kabue, P. (2020). Sexting and Risky Sexual Behaviour Among Students in Machakos University. Global Journal of Health Sciences, 5(2), 4, 59–82.
Namayandeh Joorabchi, T., Davoudi Sani, L., & Qorbanian Qohroudi, M. (2024). Compulsive Internet usage and social isolation among university students in Malaysia: Internet abuse. Mediterranean Journal of Social & Behavioral Research, 8(1), 13–21. DOI: 10.30935/mjosbr/14245.
Nasreen, S., Mirza, N. A. (2023, June). Effect of Internet Addiction on University Students: Thematic Analysis of Teachers’ Perspective. Orient Research Journal of Social Sciences, 8(1), 58–69.
Oleszkowicz, A., Senejko, A. (2013). Psychologia dorastania: Zmiany rozwojowe w dobie globalizacji [Psychology of Adolescence: Developmental Changes in the Period of Globalization]. Wydawnictwo PWN.
Ostaszewski, K. (2014). Zachowania ryzykowne młodzieży w perspektywie mechanizmów resilience [Adolescent risk behaviour in the perspective of resilience mechanisms]. Instytut Psychiatrii i Neurologii w Warszawie.
Pavlovic, N., Miskulin, I., Jokic, S., Kovacevic, J., & Miskulin, M. (2023). Consumption of energy drinks among university students in Eastern Croatia. Applied Sciences, 13, 1124. DOI: 10.3390/ app13021124.
Putnam, R. (1993). Making democracy work. Proceton University Press.
Putnam, R. (1995). Bowling alone America’s declaning social capital. Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65–78. DOI:10.1353/jod.1995.0002.
Pyżalski, J., Cybal-Michalska, A., Walter, N., Marciniak, M., Jaskulska, S., & Karmolińska-Jagodzik, E. (2020). Picie alkoholu i zaburzenia związane z piciem alkoholu u polskich studentów – kilka ważnych wyników reprezentatywnych badań [Alcohol drinking and alcohol-related disorders in Polish students - a few important findings from a representative study]. In: J. Madalińska-Michalak, A. Wiłkomirska (Eds.), Pedagogika i edukacja wobec kryzysu zaufania, wspólnotowości i autonomii (pp. 397–412). Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
Rajak, B. K., Singh, S., & Paliwal, M. (2022). The Dark Side of Overuse of Internet: A study of Indian college students. Asia Pacific Journal of Health Management, 17(1), i757. DOI: 10.24083/apjhm.v17i1.757.
Refaeli, T., Itzhaky, H. (2022). “Which road will I take?” Predictors of risk-taking behaviour among young backpackers. Current Issues in Tourism, 25(5), 808–822. DOI: 10.1080/13683500.2021.1889479.
Shinto, T., Sibnath, D., & Alphonsa, J. K. (2023). Risk Behavior Among Emerging Adults: The Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE), Perceived Family and Interpersonal Environment. Journal of Indian Association for Child and Adolescent Mental Health. 19(3), 289–299. DOI:10.1177/09731342231219321.
Stokłosa, I., Stokłosa, M., Porwolik, M., Bugajski, M., Więckiewicz, G., Piegza, M.; Męcik-Kronenberg, T., Gorczyca, P. (2021). Analysis of high-risk sexual behavior among Polish university students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18, 3737. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18073737.
Surzykiewicz, J., Konaszewski, K., & Wagnild, G. (2019). Polish Version of the Resilience Scale (RS-14): A Validity and Reliability Study in Three Samples. Frontiers in Psychology. DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02762.
Sztompka, P. (2016). Kapitał społeczny: Teoria przestrzeni międzyludzkiej [Social Capital: Theory of Interpersonal Space]. Wydawnictwo Znak.
Szymańska, J. (2000). Programy profilaktyczne: Podstawy profesjonalnej psychoprofilaktyki [Prevention programmes: Fundamentals of professional psychoprevention]. Centrum Metodyczne Pomocy Psychologiczno-Pedagogicznej Ministerstwa Edukacji Narodowej.
Teixeira da Silva , A. C., Chagas Gerônimo de Lima , C. C., de Oliveira Prado Sousa , B., dos Santos, M. A., Pillon, S. C., de Souza, A. L. T. (2022). Tobacco and alcohol consumption and health behaviors among nursing students. Avances en Enfermería, 40(2), 254–266. DOI: 10.15446/av.enferm.v40n2.92408.
Wylęgły, K. (2021). The Internet – a risk-taking space for university students. Journal of Education Culture and Society, 12(1), 413–425. DOI: 10.15503/jecs2021.1.413.425.
Wylęgły, K. (2023). Zachowania ryzykowne studentów w świetle koncepcji kapitałów [Risk behaviour of University students in the context of the concept of capitals] (doctoral thesis written under the scientific supervision of dr hab. Dorota Rybczyńska-Abdel Kawy, prof. UWr and assistant supervisor dr hab. Piotr Kwiatkowski). Uniwersytet Wrocławski, Instytut Pedagogiki. Retrieved from https://bip.uni.wroc.pl/3587/231/mgr-kamila-wylegly.html.
Zielińska, M. (2016). Studia jako element biografii życiowej studentów [Studies as part of students’ life biography]. In: M. Zielińska, D. Szaban (Eds)., Młodzież w czasach nieufności: Studenci zielonogórscy o sobie i innych (pp. 24–51). Fundacja Obserwatorium Społeczne Inter Alia.
Ziółkowski, M. (2012). Kapitały społeczny, kulturowy i materialny i ich wzajemne konwersje we współczesnym społeczeństwie polskim [Social, cultural and material capital and its mutual conversion in contemporary Polish socjety]. Studia Edukacyjne, 22, 7–27.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Kamila Wylęgły
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
CC-BY
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. All authors agree for publishing their email adresses, affiliations and short bio statements with their articles during the submission process.