Emotional Odyssey: A Journey through EFL Pre-Service Teachers’ Practicum Experiences
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2024.2.301.321Keywords:
EFL teacher education, student teachers, emotions, practicum experiences, teaching identityAbstract
Aim. In the realm of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) teacher education, the emotional journey of pre-service teachers remains a relatively unexplored terrain. The present case study addresses this gap by delving into the intricate emotional landscape traversed by pre-service EFL teachers during their initial teaching practicum. Our research objectives are to discern the sources of pre-practicum anxiety among student teachers and compare these with their actual experiences and while-practicum emotions.
Methods. Altogether thirteen student teachers in the Czech Republic were interviewed. The data were qualitatively content analysed.
Results. The study not only identifies pre-practicum anxieties – including concerns related to rapport, language proficiency, lesson design, and group dynamics, but also scrutinises the transformation of these concerns into nuanced daily classroom management intricacies during the practicum. The research further investigates the positive emotions experienced by pre-service EFL teachers during their practicum, highlighting factors such as a sense of achievement, fruitful interactions, and meaningful teacher-learner relationships.
Conclusions. Notably, this study contributes to the understanding of the multifaceted dynamics of pre-service teachers’ professional identities, shedding light on the interplay between anxieties, positive emotions, and the development of teaching identity. The observed shift towards more engaging teaching approaches prompts reflections on emotionally-oriented TEFL, suggesting future research paths and curriculum adjustments
Downloads
References
Ainley, M., & Hidi, S. (2014). Interest and enjoyment. In E. Perrin & L. Linnenbrink-Garcia (Eds.), International Handbook of Emotions in Education (pp. 205-277). Routledge.
Beilock, S. L., Gunderson, E. A., Ramirez, G., & Levine, S. L. (2010). Female teachers’ math anxiety affects girls’ math achievement. PNAS Nexus, 107(5), 1860–1863. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0910967107
Brown, J. D., & Rodgers, T. S. (2002). Doing Second Language Research. Oxford University Press.
Caires, S., & Almeida, L. S. (2005). Teaching practice in initial teacher education: its impact on student teachers’ professional skills and development. Journal of Education for Teaching, 31(2), 111–120. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607470500127236
Calderhead, J. (1989). Reflective teaching and teacher education. Teaching and Teacher Education, 5(1), 43-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-051X(89)90018-8
Chang, M. L. (2009). An appraisal perspective of teacher burnout: Examining the emotional work of teachers. Educational Psychology Review, 21, 193–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-009-9106-y
Chen, J. (2016). Understanding teacher emotions: The development of a teacher emotion inventory. Teaching and Teacher Education, 55, 68–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.01.001
Chen, J. (2021). Refining the teacher emotion model: evidence from a review of literature published between 1985 and 2019. Cambridge Journal of Education, 51(3), 327–357. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764X.2020.1831440
Chen, W., Hendricks, K., & Archibald, K. (2011). Assessing pre-service teachers’ quality teaching practices. Educational Research Evaluation, 17(1), 13–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803611.2011.578008
Cheng, L. (2021). The implications of EFL/ESL teachers’ emotions in their professional identity development. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.755592
Cojorn, K., & Sonsupap, K. (2022). The Student Teachers’ Anxiety during Field Experiences in the beginning of New Normal. Higher Education Studies, 12(4), 128-136. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v12n4p127
Crookes, G. (2003). A practicum in TESOL: Professional development through teaching practice. Cambridge University Press.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1988). Finding flow: The psychology of engagement with everyday life. Basic.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2008). Flow: The psychology of optimal experience. Harper.
Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2013). Creativity: Flow and the psychology of discovery and invention. Harper Collins.
Dewaele, J. M., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2014). The two faces of Janus? Anxiety and enjoyment in the foreign language classroom. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 4(2), 237-274. https://doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2014.4.2.5
Dewaele, J. M., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2016). Foreign Language Enjoyment and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety. The Right and Left Feet of FL Learning? In P. D. MacIntyre, T. Gregersen, & S. Mercer (Eds.), Positive psychology in SLA (pp. 215-236). Multilingual Matters.
Dewaele, J. M., Witney, J., Saito, K, & Dewaele, L. (2018). Foreign language enjoyment and anxiety: The Effect of teacher and learner variables. Language Teaching Research, 22 (6), 676–697. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168817692161
Farrell, T. S. C. (2001). English Language Teacher Socialisation during the Practicum. Prospect 16(1), 49-62.
Farrell, T. S. C. (2007). Failing the practicum: Narrowing the gap between expectations and reality with reflective practice. TESOL Quarterly, 41(1), 193-201.
Farrell, T. S. C. (2015). Promoting teacher reflection in second language education: A framework for TESOL professionals (1st ed.). Routledge.
Fredrickson, B. L. (1998). What Good Are Positive Emotions? Review of General Psychology, 2(3), 300–319. https://doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.300
Fredrickson, B. L. (2001). The role of positive emotions in positive psychology: The Broaden-and-Build Theory of Positive Emotions. American Psychologist, 56(3), 218-226. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0003-066X.56.3.218
Fredrickson, B. L. (2003). The value of positive emotions. American Scientist, 91(4), 330-335.
Fredrickson, B. L. (2006). The broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 359(1449), 1367-1378. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1512
Fredrickson, B. L. (2013). Positive emotions broaden and build. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 1-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-407236-7.00001-2
Frenzel, A. C. (2014). Teacher emotions. In E. Perrin & L. Linnenbrink-Garcia (Eds.), International Handbook of Emotions in Education (pp. 494-519). Routledge.
Frenzel, A. C., Goetz, T., Lüdtke, O., Pekrun, R., & Sutton, R. (2009). Emotional transmission in the classroom: exploring the relationship between teacher and student enjoyment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 101(3), 705–716. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0014695
Frenzel, A. C., Goetz, T., Stephens, E. J., & Jacob, B. (2009). Antecedents and effects of teachers’ emotional experiences: an integrated perspective and empirical test. In P. A. Schutz & M. Zembylas (Eds.), Advances in Teacher Emotion Research: The Impact on Teachers’ Lives (pp. 129–151). Springer.
Fried, L., Mansfifield, C., & Dobozy, E. (2015). Teacher emotion research: introducing a conceptual model to guide future research. Issues in Educational Research, 25(4), 415-441.
Funk, F. F., Long, B., Keithley, A. M., & Hoffman, J. L (2012). The Cooperating Teacher As Most Significant Other: A Competent Humanist. Action in Teacher Education, 4(2), 57-64. https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.1982.10519106
Gardner, R. C. (1985). The Attitude Motivation Test Battery: Technical Report 1. University of Western Ontario.
Gorospe, J. D. (2022). Pre-Service Teachers’ Teaching Anxiety, Teaching Self-Efficacy, and Problems Encountered During the Practice Teaching Course. Journal of Education and Learning, 11(4), 84-91. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jel.v11n4p84
Gosiewska-Turek, B. (2018). The impact of anxiety on speaking adolescent and adult groups of English learners. Journal of Education Culture and Society, 9(2), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs20182.93.106
Gregersen, T., & MacIntyre, P. D. (2014). Capitalizing on language learners’ individuality: From premise to practice. Multilingual Matters.
Hargreaves, A. (1998). The emotional practice of teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 14(8), 835-854. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/S0742-051X(98)00025-0
Hargreaves, A. (2000). Mixed emotions: teachers’ perceptions of their interactions with students. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(8), 811–826. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(00)00028-7
Heppner, M. J. (1994). An empirical investigation of the effects of a teaching practicum on prospective faculty. Journal of Counseling & Development, 72(5), 500–507. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1994.tb00980.x
Holappa, A., Lassila, E. T., Lutovac, S., & Uitto, M. (2021). Vulnerability as an emotional dimension in student teachers’ narrative identities told with self-portraits. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 66(5), 893–906. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2021.1939144
Horwitz, E. K., Horwitz, M. B., & Cope, J. A. (1986). Foreign language classroom anxiety. Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 125-132. https://doi.org/10.2307/327317
Ji, Y., Oubibi M., Chen, S., Yin, Y., & Zhou, Y. (2022). Pre-service teachers’ emotional experience: Characteristics, dynamics and sources amid the teaching practicum. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.968513
Jin, Y., & Zhang, L. J. (2018). The dimensions of foreign language classroom enjoyment and their effect on foreign language achievement. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 24(7), 948-962. https://doi.org/10.1080/13670050.2018.1526253
Junjun, C. (2019). Teacher emotions in their professional lives: implications for teacher development. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 48(5), 491–507. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2019.1669139
Kamenická, J. (2021). Apple Tree Model of Emotion-Involved Processing: Videos for Emotions and Foreign Language Learning. Journal of Education Culture and Society, 12(1), 103-116. https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2021.1.103.116
Kamenická, J. (2022). Brain-Based TEFL. Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre.
Kanazawa, Y. (2021). Do not (Just) Think, But (Also) Feel!: Empirical Corroboration of Emotion-Involved Processing Hypothesis on Foreign Language Lexical Retention. SAGE Open, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211032153
Kanazawa, Y. (2022). Monadic Emotions, Dyadic Emotions, Triadic Emotions: The 1-2-3 Emotion Model (Peircean Kainopythagorean Phaneroscopic Model of Emotion) and the Fundamental Questions to the Emotion-Involved Processing Hypothesis. Sage Preprints. https://doi.org/10.31124/advance.20486262.v2
Keller, M. M., Chang, M. L., Becker, E. S., Goetz, T., & Frenzel, A. C. (2014). Teachers’ emotional experiences and exhaustion as predictors of emotional labor in the classroom: an experience sampling study. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.01442
Kráľová, Z. (2016). Foreign Language Anxiety. Univerzita Konštantína Filozofa v Nitre.
Kráľová, Z., Kamenická, J., & Tirpáková, A. (2022). Positive emotional stimuli in teaching foreign language vocabulary. System, 104, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102678
Kráľová, Z., Škorvagová, E., Tirpáková, A., & Markechová, D. (2017). Reducing student teachers’ foreign language pronunciation anxiety through psycho-social training. System, 65, 49-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2017.01.001
Mapfumo, J. S., Chitsiko, N., & Chireshe, R. (2012). Teaching practice generated stressors and coping mechanisms among student teachers in Zimbabwe. South African Journal of Education, 32(2), 155–166. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v32n2a601
Mercer, S., & Ryan, S. (2010). A mindset for EFL: Learners’ beliefs about the role of talent. ELT Journal, 64(4), 436-444. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/ccp083
Newby, D. (2007). EPOSTL - A reflection tool for language teacher education. Council of Europe Publishing.
Newby, D., Allan, R., Jenner, A., Jones, B., Komorowska, H., & Soghikyan, K. (2007). European Portfolio for Student Teachers of Languages. A Reflection Tool for Language Teacher Education. Council of Europe Publishing.
Nias, J. (1996). Thinking about feeling: The emotions in teaching. Cambridge Journal of Education, 26(3), 293–306. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305764960260301
Orlova, N. (2015). In search of a better practicum: Student teachers’ views and beliefs. In C. Haase, N. Orlova & J. Head (Eds.). ELT: New Horizons in Theory and Application (pp.227-242). Cambridge Scholars.
Parrott, W. G. (2001). Emotions in social psychology. Key readings in social psychology. Psychology Press.
Pekrun, R. (2006). The Control-Value Theory of Achievement Emotions: Assumptions, Corollaries, and Implications for Educational Research and Practice. Education Psychology Review, 18, 315–341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-006-9029-9
Pekrun, R. (2014). Emotions and Learning. Educational Practices Series, 24(93), 1-32. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002276/227679e.pdf
Piaget, J. (1981). Intelligence and Affectivity: Their Relationship during Child Development. (T. A. Brown & C. E. Kaegi, Trans). Annual Reviews. (Original work published 1954)
Piechurska-Kuciel, E. (2017). L2 or L3? Foreign Language Enjoyment and Proficiency. In J. Mydla, M. Poks, & L. Drong (Eds.). Multiculturalism, Multilingualism and the Self: Studies in Linguistics and Language Learning (pp. 97-111). Springer.
Richards, J. C. (2022). Exploring Emotions in Language Teaching. RELC Journal, 53(1), 225-239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688220927531
Richards, J. C., & Crookes, G. (1988). The practicum in TESOL. TESOL Quarterly, 22(1), 9-27. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587059
Sparks, R. L., & Ganschow, L. (1991). Foreign language learning differences: Affective or native language aptitude differences? Modern Language Journal, 75(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.2307/329830
Stoynoff, S. (1999). The TESOL Practicum: An Integrated Model in the U.S. TESOL Quarterly, 33(1), 145–151. https://doi.org/10.2307/3588200
Sutton, R. E., & Wheatley, K. F. (2003). Teachers’ emotions and teaching: A review of the literature and directions for future research. Educational Psychology Review, 15, 327-358. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026131715856
Thomas, L., & Beauchamp, C. (2011). Understanding new teachers’ perspectives through metaphor. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(4), 762–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2010.12.007
Timoštšuk, I., & Ugaste, A. (2012). The role of emotions in student teachers’ professional identity. European Journal of Teacher Education, 35(4), 1-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02619768.2012.662637
Timoštšuk, I., Kikas, E., & Normak, M. (2016). Student teachers’ emotional teaching experiences in relation to different teaching methods. Educational Studies, 42(3), 269-286. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2016.1167674
Uitto, M., Kaunisto, S. L., Syrjälä, L., & Estola, E. (2015). Silenced truths: relational and emotional dimensions of a beginning Teacher’s identity as part of the micropolitical context of school. Scandinavian Journal of Educational Research, 59(2), 162-176. https://doi.org/10.1080/00313831.2014.904414
Ulvik, M., & Smith, K. (2011). What characterises a good practicum in teacher education? Education Inquiry, 2(3), 517-536. https://doi.org/10.3402/edui.v2i3.21997
Wang, J., Zhang, X., & Zhang. L. J. (2022). Effects of Teacher Engagement on Students’ Achievement in an Online English as a Foreign Language Classroom: The Mediating Role of Autonomous Motivation and Positive Emotions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.950652
Wilson, E. K. (2006). The impact of an alternative model of student teacher supervision: Views of the participants. Teaching and Teacher Education, 22(1), 22–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2005.07.007
Wu, Z., & Chen, J. (2018). Teachers’ emotional experience: insights from Hong Kong primary schools. Asia Pacific Education Review, 19, 531–541. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-018-9553-6
Yin, H. (2016). Knife-like mouth and tofu-like heart: emotion regulation by Chinese teachers in classroom teaching. Social Psychology of Education, 19, 1–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-015-9319-5
Yin, H., Huang, S., & Chen, G. (2019). The relationships between teachers’ emotional labor and their burnout and satisfaction: A meta-analytic review. Educational Research Review, 28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.100283
Yuan, R., & Lee, I. (2014). Pre-service teachers’ changing beliefs in the teaching practicum: three cases in an EFL context. System, 44, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2014.02.002
Zembylas, M. (2003). Emotions and teacher identity: A poststructural perspective. Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, 9(3), 213-238. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540600309378
Zhu, G. (2017). Chinese student teachers’ perspectives on becoming a teacher in the practicum: emotional and ethical dimensions of identity shaping. Journal of Education for Teaching, 43(4), 491-495. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2017.1341162
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Natalia Orlova, Jana Kamenická
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
CC-BY
Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal. All authors agree for publishing their email adresses, affiliations and short bio statements with their articles during the submission process.