Cooperative learning issues in elementary education: a Lithuanian case study

Authors

  • Daiva Jakavonytė-Staškuvienė Vytautas Magnus University Education Academy T. Ševčenkos g. 31, LT- 03111 Vilnius, Lithuania
  • Aušra Žemgulienė Vilnius University Institute of Educational Sciences Universiteto g. 9, LT-01513, Vilnius, Lithuania
  • Emilija Sakadolskis Vilnius University Institute of Educational Sciences Universiteto g. 9, LT-01513, Vilnius, Lithuania

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2021.1.445.468

Keywords:

Cooperative learning, Group processing, Social interdependence theory

Abstract

Aim. Cooperative learning (CL) is a widely recognised pedagogical practice which involves students working together to achieve common goals that they could not complete individually. Johnson and Johnson are among the main theorists behind the movement. In 1994 they announced five elements essential for the successful incorporation of CL in the classroom: (a) positive interdependence; (b) face-to-face promotive interaction; (c) individual and group accountability; (d) interpersonal and small group social skills; (e) group processing. In this study we seek to understand how primary school teachers implement cooperative learning and include the above-mentioned aspects in their classes.

Methods. The qualitative case study was conducted at a primary school in Vilnius, Lithuania. Two lessons were recorded, transcribed, and analysed to gather evidence concerning variables that mediate cooperative learning. The teachers planned the lessons together, using the principles that are outlined in a professional development method called Japanese lesson study. The study involved two teachers and 40 (20+20 pupils in two classes) fourth graders. Also, interviews were conducted with the teachers and three pupils from each class.

Results and conclusion. The forms of cooperative learning observed in the classrooms were markedly different, even though the lesson plans were almost identical. In Lesson 1 the teacher paid more attention to interdependence, interaction, and reflection. Consequently, students mentioned cooperation, assistance, and specifics of group work
more frequently. In Lesson 2, there was more traditional group work than CL schemes, and less interdependence, interaction, and reflection. The five essential elements were unequally represented in the lessons, highlighting the varied understanding of CL. ‘In situ’ research revealed which elements of cooperative learning need to be stressed in
teacher pre-service and in-service settings. The study also deepened the understanding of which aspects are more difficult to implement, or which have made significant inroads into classroom practice.


Originality. Situational research involving both CL and Japanese Lesson Study techniques provide valuable insights into the professional development of teachers who aim to improve their classroom practice.

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Author Biographies

  • Daiva Jakavonytė-Staškuvienė, Vytautas Magnus University Education Academy T. Ševčenkos g. 31, LT- 03111 Vilnius, Lithuania

    Prof. , head of the Preschool and Primary Education Study Programs at Vytautas Magnus University in Lithuania. She is also a European Commission Inspector of Pre-school and Primary Education in European Schools. Her research interest include: curriculum theory, pedagogy, general didactics, didactics of elementary language arts education, inte¬grated didactics of languages, cooperative learning, and assessment of students' learning and progress.

  • Aušra Žemgulienė, Vilnius University Institute of Educational Sciences Universiteto g. 9, LT-01513, Vilnius, Lithuania

    Assoc. Prof. , head of the Preschool and Primary Education Study Program at Vilnius University in Lithuania. Her research interests include: pedagogy and didactics, social studies curricula, methods of teaching history in the primary grades, cooperative learning, and the history of education.

  • Emilija Sakadolskis, Vilnius University Institute of Educational Sciences Universiteto g. 9, LT-01513, Vilnius, Lithuania

    Her research interests include: arts education, integrated curricula, qualitative research methods, educational assessment, and educational policy. She is presently involved in drafting the new curriculum for Lithuanian general education and is a member of the Lithuanian Education Council.

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Published

2021-06-17

Issue

Section

LOCAL CULTURES AND SOCIETIES

How to Cite

Jakavonytė-Staškuvienė, D., Žemgulienė, A., & Sakadolskis, E. . (2021). Cooperative learning issues in elementary education: a Lithuanian case study. Journal of Education Culture and Society, 12(1), 445-468. https://doi.org/10.15503/jecs2021.1.445.468